You have over-shortened by 2.769 - 2.71 = 0.059", which is very close to 1.5 mm
To me, that seems like a significant amount.
You would certainly notice that in the amount that the refill extends.
There could be a teeny weeny bit of extension even when the refill is in the un-extended position, and I would not like that at all.
But I don't know the architecture of the Duraclick well enough to say that for sure.
Now, having said that, it may not bother you if that were the case because personal preferences for the use of pens are different.
One way to compensate would be to add a thin ring of material to one or, preferrably, both ends of your "shortie" blank.
A thin piece of aluminum from a pop can or a beer can on each end could do the trick. (I don't know the thickness of such material.)
Or you could use a thin piece of colored plastic material, or even wood veneer, on each end.
If you use plastic/wood, you might have to thin it back (to the same thickness on both ends) with your skew chisel on the lathe.
And, of course, you would have to carefully drill the "shim piece" to have the proper diameter hole, matching the brass tube hole.
Shortening the "refill extender" is certainly a possible way to effect a "fix".
Be careful how you go about that operation because it will be possible to "overdo" it on that soft plastic material.
I enclose a screenshot of the Duraclick assembly diagram. Thickening the small tab on the pen clip is another possible "fix".
View attachment 345096