The way I see it.
Assuming flawless execution with whatever tools are used, if the artistic vision is more important than the creative process, then the tools used don't matter.
If the creative process is more important than the artistic vision, then the tools used make all the difference.
Using a laser (or cnc router) to create an entry to a scroll saw competition would be cheating. Using a laser (or cnc router) to make a one of a kind masterpiece for sale in an art gallery would not be cheating. Representing any piece of work, no matter how it was created, as having been created by methods / tools other than those actually used would be cheating / fraud.
Using a laser to create a display full of fretwork to sell at a craft show isn't cheating. But the mass produced aspect of the laser work will almost certainly diminish its value (selling one of dozens vs one of a kind). It will almost certainly diminsh the value of the fretwork produced by hand scroll sawing at the same show.
Is using mass produced components (fittings, blanks, refills...) to make a pen cheating? I would say no. Is using a CNC (router, mill or laser) to make you own pen components cheating? I would say no. It's not the same as hand forging / casting each element of a pen, but not being the same isn't cheating. It's just different.
Really nice work can be done by hand. Really nice work can be done using the most technically advanced tools available. Really lousy work can be done by hand. Really lousy work can be done using the most technically advanced tools available.
At the end of the day, the work has to stand on it's own and people will make their own determination of its value based on their own relative value of process vs vision.
Ed