There is no single best finish for a rifle cartridge pen, but rather a choice between tradeoffs.
No finish (or a wax finish) is easy, but the case (not casing) will tarnish quickly and need frequent polishing to remain bright. Some people say they prefer tarnish, but I have yet to meet a customer who chooses a tarnished cartridge over a shiny one.
Brass lacquer (a lacquer specially formulated to adhere to brass) is also easy. It keeps the underlying cartridge bright and preserves the new colors until it wears away. Brass lacquer can hold up for a year or more but eventually chips and the exposed parts will now tarnish.
Clear powder-coat is a little more difficult and takes some additional equipment. It is a baked-on polymer paint that is very hard and durable. It will withstand a lifetime of normal use. The baking process, however, affects the color of the brass and copper. Most people don't notice the difference, but a powder-coated copper bullet will no longer match the bright pink of copper-plated pen kit parts. Once coated, however, the colors will not change further.
I routinely powder-coat the kits I sell, but I also offer the option of a brass lacquer finish, or no finish to customers who prefer it.
Regards,
Eric