As far as a stop block, you have to have a (correctly) finished pen first. I take an 18" piece of 1x2 pine, route a channel with a v-bit down the length. I then take the barrel I want a depth guide for and measure it for length (lay it into the groove and mark length). I then cut off the measured piece (a little bit long). I sand the block down on the disk sander to get the final correct length. Ends need to be square to the v-channel. Now, when I want to squeeze in the transmission (I use either a machinist vise or a workbench vise), I lay the tube (with the nib already pressed in) and the transmission into the v-channel and squeeze parts together.
When I teach a pen turning class, I show the students how to make this depth gauge. Using the long piece of wood (18") has the added benefit in that the remaining piece is given to my students to use as a layout tray to place all the parts, in proper sequence, prior to assembly. (I can hear the oooh, aaaahhh! now....)