I'm pretty new and have only worked with PR and Urehane (casting and turning), and commercial acrylics (turning), and not much of that.
As far as turning, including commercial acrylic blanks, I haven't noticed anything notable while turning or finishing any of them. You can tell they are plastic from the smell, but it is mild. I'm sure the amount of heat you generate while turning is a factor.
I hate CA fumes so I avoid using it as much as I can. I'm pretty sure very much of it is is bad for you.
MSDS data is available for everything imaginable, even water, to provide a definitive answer.
As far as casting:
PR has a rather nasty odor, and an odor indicates "fumes" even inf not in the form of visible smoke or something. For me it just sort of smells up the place, I haven't noticed any ill effects from it but that doesn't mean there aren't long term ones (something I'm starting to think more about, but at my age "long term" is less of a worry than for someone younger).
Alumilite urethane resin is pretty much odorless and I think I recall reading it is completely non toxic.